Project Evaluation Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Evaluation - Math Problem Example The other option that Salsbury has is to open a health and fitness complex and it has a NPV of ?700,000. Furthermore, the report justifies the technique that has been used in order to evaluate the project by comparing it with other project evaluation techniques such as Accounting Rate of Return and Profitability Index. Moreover, the report then discusses other factors that the organization needs to consider while making the investment decision. ANALYSING THE FEASIBILITY OF THE PROJECT Net present value (NPV) is the technique that has been used to analyze the feasibility of the project. NPV shows the net future cash flows of the project after being discounted with the discount rate so that the present value or present worth of the cash flows can be calculated (McLaney, 2009). In the appendix 1 of the report, the forecasted cash flows for the 10 years are calculated and net present value of these cash flows are calculated with the discount rate of 14%. ... is higher than health and fitness complex, therefore the management should invest in opening a retail store than the health and fitness complex as it has higher NPV and projects with higher NPV should be accepted (Jensen, 2001). JUSTIFICATION ABOUT THE METHOD USED TO EVALUATE THE PROJECT The management has used Net Present Value method to evaluate whether the project is feasible or not. Although there are different project appraisal techniques such as Accenting Rate of Return (ARR), Payback Period, Profitability Index, Benefit to Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return and discounted payback period etc. However, the report discusses two of these techniques; ARR ad Profitability Index and compares these two techniques with NPV and justifies why NPV is a good method used to evaluate the feasibility of the project. NPV and Accounting Rate of Return Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) is the average return that the project would yield throughout its time period (Gitman, 2003). It can be ca lculated using the formula below: By using the above formula, ARR of the project is 27.24% It is better to use NPV than Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) as the NPV discounts the future cash flows whereas the ARR does not consider the time value of money. Therefore it is better for the management to use NPV as it will show the real value or worth of the project by considering the discount rate and even inflation rate but these rates are not considered by using the ARR. NPV and Profitability Index The other method that has been used to evaluate the feasibility of the project is the profitability index. Profitability index is calculated by following formula: The formula shows that profitability index considers the time value of money which accounting rate of return does not. Therefore it

The Advantages of Taking Online Classes Compared to Being in a Classroom Essay Example for Free

The Advantages of Taking Online Classes Compared to Being in a Classroom Essay 1. Online Schooling a. Can work at your own pace from home b. Don’t have as many books to deal with c. Will not interfere with work schedule d. Can still travel throughout the year e. Can still communicate with your teacher at anytime f. Don’t have to worry about being late for school 2. Being in a classroom a. Will spend anywhere from two to eight hours in a day in school b. Have to lug big heavy books around from building to building c. You have to juggle your time around school when it comes to work d. Have designated holidays and time off  e. The teacher student ratio can be overwhelming f. Will have to drive to school, find a parking spot and get to class on time While I was trying to decide on my options of going back to school, I weighed the pros and cons of taking classes online versus being in a classroom with my health problems. Depending on what you are going to school for, taking online classes is more beneficial than going to a college classroom. You can get your assignments and work from the comforts of your own home, without worrying about the weather. Whatever books you require for your classes are at home with you to pick up, as you will. You can continue with your full time job and do your online work once you are off from work. You do not have to alter your family life to attend classes because you can do your work from anywhere you can access to a computer. Your teachers are always available to you to discuss your work and you can always reach them either by email or by phone. You do not have to worry about rushing, getting the kids off to the babysitter, or rushing from school to work. When you are in a classroom, again, depending on what you are going for, you can spend as little or as much as two to eight hours a day in a classroom. If you are attending a University, you will have to go from one side of the campus to the other to get to your classes carrying those big heavy books. I have seen many people in the work force having to cut back on their hours at work because they have to put in more time at school, or they have a ton of work to do and they cannot keep up with the flow. Your vacation time is limited to certain times of the year, so if something comes up, you have a lot of protocol to go through to get that time off. I often visited the college campus where my mom worked and I would sometimes sit in on some of the classes as an observer and there would be as many as fifty students in a classroom. Most of the times your teachers are available to you, but once they go home if they do not respond to your email, they will tell you about it in class. If your school is near or far from where you live, it can take as little as twenty minutes to as much as an hour to get to school and back, which in turn can leave you with hardly any time to yourself. Finally, taking an online class gives you the benefit of not having to leave your home to attend a class room. I personally am seeing a tremendous improvement in my household, now that I am home more and I can be here for my kids without trying to work, go to school and maintain my household. On the other hand to some people, being in a classroom can give a better hands on experience in their field of study.

Carlos Ghosn’s approach to turning Nissan around

Carlos Ghosn’s approach to turning Nissan around In order to give a thorough in-depth evaluation of Carlos Ghosns approach to turning Nissan around I have chosen to apply John Kotters 8-step model to strategic change implementation (Kotter J. P., 1996) displayed below. Kotter is regarded as an authority within the field of organization and change management and I find his model helps securing a comprehensive evaluation. The model is usually used as a forward-looking plan for how to handle a change process, but I will apply it as a retrospective analytical tool to review how the process was handled at Nissan. The first three steps are about creating the right climate for change and making sure the organization is ready to make a move ahead. The next three steps are about engaging and enabling the organization to pursue the strategy. Without support from a large part of the organization, change will not be successful, but equally important the organization needs to be equipped to handle such process change. The last two steps are all about implementing and sustaining change. Without focus on these aspects the organization is in risk of regress. The assignment puts emphasis on organizational and national culture. That is for good reason as I find them central aspects of the challenges Ghosn was facing, when he took over as the first non-Japanese COO of Nissan. Kotters 8-step model does not focus on culture, but it is implicitly handled in several of the steps most noticeable in step two and four. In the conclusion I will sum up the findings in the analysis and explicitly answer the four questions given in the text. 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Establish a sense of urgency2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Form a powerful coalition3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Create a vision4 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Communicate the vision5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Empower others6 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Plan for and create short-term wins7 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Consolidate improvements8 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Institutionalize changes 3 | P a g e 2. EVALUATION ANALYSIS 2.1 ESTABLISH A SENSE OF URGENCY It is an ill wind that blows no good, this was also the case for the Yamaichi bankruptcy. The misfortune of the major financial house in Japan helped open the eyes of the employees in Nissan. Now the employees realized that lifetime employment was no longer a reality and that they had to do their own part to secure the companys future and thus their own jobs. Ghosn, to his credit, used the Yamaichi example whenever he could to continue to motivate his employees, repeating that their fate would be no different if they did not put all of their effort into figuring out, and then executing, the best way to turn Nissan around. (Millikin Dean, 2003) The bankruptcy was indeed a blessing in disguise for Ghosn as it created the burning platform that according to Kotter is crucial to do change. Change is always accompanied by anxiety for the unfamiliar, but this event made sure the whole organization was aware that status quo is more dangerous for Nissan and each employee than venturing into the unknown. Kotter believes that around half of the failed change efforts can be traced back to step one. If people do not see why change is necessary, then motivation for change will be nonexistent. Moving a huge organization simply by brute force is an impossible task, but Ghosns strike of luck created a powerful momentum that diminished potential resistance to change. 2.2 FORM A POWERFUL COALITION One man cannot change a huge company such as Nissan. Ghosn realized this as well. Even though he had been talking with plant employees and had gained a lot of knowledge about what should be done, he chose not to impose a revival plan on Nissan. He wanted the employees to come up with ideas themselves and to lay down a plan for what was to happen. His establishment of the nine Cross-Functional Teams (CFTs) and their sub-teams created powerful coalitions that were essential in turning the company around. These coalitions mainly consisted of middle managers, but they were empowered because they reported directly to two supervisors from the executive committee, had full access to all 4 | P a g e necessary information, and they had the full support from top management. The cross-functional aspect gave the freedom and insight to create radical changes without being weighted down by the need for conscientiousness and corporation, which is a general characteristic for most Japanese companies including Nissan. This powerful coalition is, according to Kotter, fundamental for a successful change as Ghosn needed protagonists to influence the whole organization and these protagonists needed to have enough impact to counteract the inherent resistance to change. A powerful coalition is especially important in Japanese culture as group harmony is a cornerstone in their work environment. A powerful coalition will have fewer problems, relative to a similar situation in a company in Western culture, converting the minds of opponents as many will act opportunistic and follow the majority or as Ghosn puts it: When you get a clear strategy and communicate your priorities, its a pleasure working in Japan. The Japanese are so organized and know how to make the best of things. They respect leadership. (Millikin Dean, 2003) 2.3 CREATE A VISION According to Ghosn, Nissan had been suffering from management lacking vision and he pointed this out as one of five main issues that he wanted to address. First creating the Nissan Revival Plan and then formulating Nissan 180 was an excellent two-step vision, which was guiding, laying a foundation for decision making, and created a bridge from the present to where he wanted to take the company in the future. The vision helped the employees understand why they had to undergo change by showing what was in store in the future. That they had to change their attention from regaining market shares to focus on customer demands. Not only was Ghosn aggressively launching the Nissan 180 program to transition out of the Nissan Revival Plan program, but he was also pushing a new, customer-focused initiative called Quality3-3-3. (Millikin Dean, 2003) 5 | P a g e Creating a vision that is tangible, concise, and easy to relate to for the employees is key when setting out to change an organization. Detailed plans for what needs to be done are at this point not advisable because they do not create the much needed excitement and enthusiasm, which is so vital. It is important to bear in mind that this step is part of the first three steps, which focus on creating the right climate for change. It is therefore all about talking to peoples feelings and not necessarily to their intellect. Furthermore Kotter stresses that leaders need to walk the walk. Actions often speak louder than words and if leaders want people to follow them, then they must take the lead. Ghosn was aware of this. One issue Ghosn noticed, shortly after arriving at Nissan, was the lack of communication between the layers of the organization, and as the quote below shows Ghosn was prepared to walks the walk himself. He was the first manager to actually walk around the entire company and meet every employee in person, shaking hands and introducing himself. (Millikin Dean, 2003) 2.4 COMMUNICATE THE VISION It is not enough to create a great vision. It also has to be communicated effectively to the organization. It says in the text that Ghosn communicated both NRP and Nissan 180 aggressively and that two of his three philosophies of management are: Transparency an organization can only be effective if followers believe that what the leaders think, say, and do are all the same thing. Communication of company direction and priorities this is the only way to get truly unified effort and buy-in. (Millikin Dean, 2003) Information concerning his methods of communication is unfortunately lacking, but there is no doubt, that he understood the importance of communicating the vision, and results show that he succeeded brilliantly. Ghosn and his coalition managed to reach out to all employees and motivate them to move towards the vision. If he had not been able to communicate 6 | P a g e effectively enough the NRP arguably would not have been the rapid success it turned out to be. The NRP was achieved in March 2002, one year ahead of schedule. (Millikin Dean, 2003) Kotter stresses the importance of having focus on communication of the vision because it will act as a guideline, and if people do not get that information they do not know which direction to go. Because mental images are easier to remember one of the effective ways to get the message across is using metaphors, analogies, and examples. His metaphor of 180 in the Nissan 180 vision is a paragon of virtue in that way. It clearly creates a picture of turning the company around, and incorporating the metrics in the 180 made it easier for employees to remember what they needed to do. 2.5 EMPOWER OTHERS The Japanese culture forced Ghosn to pay extra attention on the empowerment of employees. As mentioned, Japanese business culture is characterized by a search for conscientiousness, corporation, group harmony, and an avoidance of mistakes. This all leads to a delay of decision making and a lack of responsibility. The introduction of CFTs was an attempt to break with the inconveniences of Japanese culture without harassing the fundamentals. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦cultural conflict, if paced and channeled correctly, could provide opportunity for rapid innovation. (Millikin Dean, 2003) People in CFTs got a birds eye perspective of the company and it gave them a sense of ownership and responsibility, which was necessary to turn things around. Ghosn even went as far as to put his own fate in the hands of his employees as he had publicly stated his trust in the employees abilities. He encouraged employees to come forth with their ideas and take risks. This was contradictory to their instincts as it was embedded in the organizational culture not to seek risks and to reach consensus before making a decision. Furthermore, he made organizational changes such as permanent cross-functional departments and matrix organization for higher-level staff, which all emphasized the demand for 7 | P a g e responsibility and accountability. Finally he changed the traditional Japanese compensation system to a more Western approach with possibility for employee advancements based on performance instead of seniority. This greatly empowered the talented employees, which was much needed in this change. In many cases, these midlevel managers enjoyed learning about the business à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and felt fully engaged in the change process, giving them a sense of responsibility and ownership about turning Nissan around. (Millikin Dean, 2003) 2.6 PLAN FOR AND CREATE SHORT-TERM WINS Ghosn excels when it comes to creating short-term wins. His NRP created tremendous results that boosted motivation throughout the organization. One success was a 20% reduction in purchasing costsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the supplier base shrunk by 40% and the service suppliers decreased by 60%. (Millikin Dean, 2003) It is incredibly important that short-term wins are communicated broadly to the organization, so people can see their hard work come to fruition. Often leaders of change hope that short-term success will arise, but according to Kotter it is necessary to actually plan for them. A commitment to create short-term goals has a positive side effect as it increases the sense of urgency throughout the first period. Ghosn did it brilliantly by announcing to the public that the company would show a profit within two years. This is something all employees can understand and it creates a commitment that helps in the realization of his promises. 2.7 CONSOLIDATE IMPROVEMENTS One of Ghosns three management principles is to execute. He states that 95% of the job is about execution. It is not enough to have a strategy if it is not carried out. This is completely in line with Kotters thinking. The consolidation of improvements is all about securing the short-term wins by rooting them in the company and using that as a foundation for further work. At the same time as he declared that the NRP was achieved he announced the Nissan 180. Nissan 180 represented a plan for growth based on the improvements that NRP yielded. 8 | P a g e Now that they had made the necessary improvements, it was time to consolidate and improve further. I think many leaders mistakenly would have left out the second step of Ghosns two-step vision. But if he had done so, the company presumably would have had difficulties rooting the tremendous results and huge changes that were created in such a short time. His timing of the announcement of Nissan 180 was perfect as it kept the momentum going. The Nissan Revival Plan is over. Two years after the start of its implementation, all the official commitments we took have been overachieved one full year ahead of scheduleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Nissan is now ready to grow. 2.8 INSTITUTIONALIZE CHANGES Another of Kotter areas of focus is that changes are often considered finished too early. The organization needs time to really settle in the new ways and if victory is declared too early, then there is a risk of returning to the old ways. Ghosn was aware of that as he was concerned with what will happen when he returned to Renault. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Ghosn contemplates the future, he knows that the transformation has really just begun The momentum and positive energy that have been created from all the success needs to be followed-up by a new vision and new goals. This can potentially be a difficult task because the great success could diminish the employees sense of urgency. Whether or not his successor is able to do so remains unknown, but the fact that Ghosn was aware that there is still a long way to go shows his great insight to problems with turning a company around and institutionalizing changes. 9 | P a g e 3. EVALUATION CONCLUSION Omitting the fact that Kotter introduced his 8-step model in 1995 one could almost suspect that Ghosn had read about Kotters model to strategic change as it looks like he follows them closely. Ghosns ability to establish the right climate for change, engaging and enabling the whole organization, and implementing and sustaining the change in such a large organization is admirable. 1) I think the resistance to change that Ghosn faced was inevitable. Turning a company around as drastically as was needed for Nissan is bound to create resistance. Such a big change makes the future uncertain for many employees and the uncertainty is something many naturally try to avoid. Combining that with strong Japanese traditions, an organizational culture that is hindering innovation and adaptability, and a Japanese government that historically always have bailed out troubled employees, and thereby created a pretext for inaction, only made it worse. Trying to move people, who do not find movement necessary, will unavoidably create tension and resistance. That being said, I think Ghosn handed the resistance to change ideally. 2) I am sure that many parts of the Nissan organization did not feel very good about having Ghosn changing things as drastically as he did. The reduction of 21,000 jobs will inevitably create opponents among the lower level employees as well as higher in the hierarchy. Furthermore, the demotion of Vice President of Sales and Marketing in Japan would presumably create antagonists with more leverage. Throughout the text examples of his no-nonsense approach to leadership shows that he is a tough leader that does not accept failure and he demands that people take responsibility for their actions. I think this kind of approach combined with his philosophies of management and his capacity for global leadership was the key to his success in Nissan and the reason why his opponents were not able to challenge him seriously. Another reason is the respect for leadership that is inherent in most Japanese. This made his approach to leadership even more effective. Finally, his involvement of the CF Ts made sure that he would not be the only one in the line of fire. The delegation of responsibilities to the CFTs helped getting the support of middle and lower levels, so he could focus his attention on top management. 10 | P a g e 3) The national culture has without a doubt played a large part in the outcome of Ghosns attempt to turn Nissan around. On the one hand it hindered change because of the sense of security the government created and its rigid approach to decision making and career advancement. On the other hand the respect for leadership made it easier for him and his CFTs to have an impact on the organization. The cultural differences between Ghosn and the Nissan organization was profound because he had never been exposed to Japanese culture before, but his approach to the culture ensured that he was fully aware of the issues that could arise. He stated that he wanted to discover Japan by being in Japan with Japanese people. That shows his humble and respectful approach to their culture, which I think benefitted him. 4) There is no doubt that Ghosn was lucky. His timing was impeccable as the bankruptcy of Yamaichi happened when he took office as COO in Nissan. This fortunate misfortune paved the way for a major organizational and cultural change that otherwise would have been hard to push through. Without this, Ghosn and his CFTs would probably have faced a much more daunting task. Whether or not they would have been able to power through in spite remains unknown, but having learned about Ghosn leadership abilities I think he would have found a way. All in all I think Carlos Ghosn did an incredible job turning Nissan around in a very short period of time. As a non-Japanese COO he managed to overcome Japanese cultural obstacles, as well as effectively transforming a bureaucratic organizational culture and turning a large continuing deficit into a profit within 18 month. One could question whether his successor will be able to continue what Ghosn started or if he/she needs to find his/her own way. Either way, Ghosn has a justifiable concern for the future of Nissan. They might be on the right path, but they are still far from reaching their goals. 11 | P a g e

The Dangerous Combination of the Media and the Weight-Loss Industry Es

The Dangerous Combination of the Media and the Weight-Loss Industry    Abstract: Excessive use of diet pills by American women stems from the idea that thinness is ideal. This ideal is unlikely to change in the near future, so the use of diet pills and other unhealthy fat diets is likely to increase. If women remain unaware of the health risks associated with the use and abuse of these unregulated drugs, rates of illness and even death are also likely to increase. In 1997, the use of diet pills directly caused seventeen deaths (Cohen). Medical professionals speculate that many other deaths are indirectly related to weight-loss drugs. FDA regulation of 'natural' substances such as ephedrine and caffeine would alleviate widespread use of diet pills. Without such regulation, advertisement of these drugs will continue to entice young women to unintentionally abuse their bodies and risk their health. Depictions of women in the media have expressed thinness as perfect for the past few decades, and the thin ideal is becoming more extreme. The 'waif model' is common in magazines, on television, and on the runway. Although these individuals are considered underweight by medical evaluation, their appearance has become desired by the average American woman. Oddly, even as Americans have aspired to weigh less, our average weight has increased by more than ten percent since the early 1970s (Berg 29). This weight gain probably results from the high fat content in popular, condensed foods. This inadvertent weight gain, coupled with increasing desire for thinness, has created an enormous market for 'fad diets.' One variety of these diets is the use of diet pills. Despite the dangers of weight-loss drugs, they were used by an approximate... ...s associated with the use and abuse of these unregulated drugs, rates of illness and even death are also likely to increase. In 1997, the use of diet pills directly caused seventeen deaths (Cohen). Medical professionals speculate that many other deaths are indirectly related to weight-loss drugs. FDA regulation of 'natural' substances such as ephedrine and caffeine would alleviate widespread use of diet pills. Without such regulation, advertisement of these drugs will continue to entice young women to unintentionally abuse their bodies and risk their health. Works Cited Berg, Frances M. Health Risks of Weight Loss. Hettinger, ND: Healthy Weight Journal, 1995. Cohen, Elizabeth. "FDA Wants Warning Labels for Some Herbal Supplements." CNN 3 June 1997. CNN Interactive. Online. Internet. 11 Oct. 2001. "Ephedra." TNP. Online. Internet. 17 Oct. 2001.

Project Manager Essay

I do firmly believe that the presentation of Terry was very inappropriate for that matter. Based on the given scenario, it clearly states there that the audience of Terry is an engineering group and not just any other individuals which are more concern on the technical aspect of the project that she was presenting in front of the latter. She keeps on discussing things that do not fall under the role of the engineers on the said project or on the things that concerns the engineering group. Why discuss the importance of the project to the engineering group if they care less on that matter since these group works based on the procedures on how a new product is to be produced and they do not give even a single care or responsibility on the importance of that certain product to the company. In other words, Terry dwell much on the â€Å"external qualities† of the product and not on the â€Å"internal qualities† of the project which was needed by the engineering group; like the specifics of the product and the procedures that they would have to conduct in order to produce the said product line effectively and efficiently. Moreover, she discussed dates and milestones of the products which are not very important of the part of the engineering group. The said presentation only becomes appropriate if Terry is presenting the product to the board of directors of the company as a project proposal for a new product since the presentation give more emphasis on the benefits and significance of the product to the company and not on the technical aspects of the products as what is being needed by the engineering group. It seems that Terry did not take into consideration the kind or type of audience or listeners when she was preparing for the said presentation with the engineering group. Answer #2 One possible way through which Terry could improve her presentation is to concentrate more on discussing the specifics of the product like giving the engineering team first of the bird’s eye view of the production flow of the product to be produced and then after which a detail explanation of every part of the production flow to guide the engineers what to do when they set their foot on the production line. Moreover, this would give the engineering group skills and information on how to deal with certain problems that might arise during the production process of the product since they already know how every aspect of the production works for the entire system. Furthermore, it is best for Terry to familiarize her self with engineering terms and â€Å"languages†, basic term would do, so as to make the transfer of information from her side going to the engineering group easier and faster (Busse & Zettelmeyer, 2007). It is just like knowing what are the effective way of communicating with other people is, you choose the language or the wordings of the individual/group of people to make the conversation more effective and easier (Foulger, 2004). Moreover, Terry should also familiarize her self with the possible problems or issues that might come out along with the commencement of the production of the said new product. This was one of the major problems that she encountered when the members of the engineering group started to ask question regarding the possible issues that might arise during the conduct of the production of the said new product. By familiarizing the possible problems of producing the new product line of the company, it only tells us that she is prepared in presenting the new product to the engineering group and she knows every single aspect of the production processes of producing that certain new product. Answer #3 As for the action of Terry, I would be best if she heard first the questions of the engineering group before acting unprofessionally. She may not know the answer to the questions being raised by the engineering team but it would be a good source of pointers on how to make a better presentation the next time she would be asked to do the same task again. Moreover, she could have just admit that she lack preparation and very willing to entertain questions regarding the project just in case she might encounter questions that she can answer. As for those questions that she could really no longer answer, Terry could list them down and make a research for those questions and set a new date another presentation of the new product. Walking out in the middle of the presentation is very unethical in the world of corporate profession. On every things that one person is about to do, he/she must handle it gracefully or in other words everyone in the corporate world must possess the value of â€Å"grace under pressure† so as to establish rapport with other people on his/her immediate environment. Terry did not have the guts to admit in front of the engineering group that she missed the details of the questions that the former are raising. Admitting that she was not prepared is better-off than just walking out of the room without even finishing the presentation in front of the important personalities for the success of the new product of the company (DeCenzo, Robbins, Stewart & Stuart-Kotze, 2005). Answer #4 As for the project manager, it is his responsibility to shoulder the mess that Terry had left on the presentation room. Saying sorry to the engineering group must be the first thing that he should do regarding the unprofessional act of Terry. After this, since the project manager has the full knowledge over the project, it would be best of the part of the marketing department if he would be the one to continue the presentation and entertain the questions of the members of the engineering group. I think it is also the responsibility of the project manager to justify the action of Terry and inform them that she was just new to the department and ask for the sympathy of the member of the engineering group and hoped that it would not affect the decision of the latter to buy-in the said project. With this way, there is a possibility that the member of the engineering group might understand the situation of Terry and give the project manager another chance of setting one more meeting for the said project. Furthermore, after the meeting, it is also the responsibility of the project manager to have a talk with Terry and find out what happened on the presentation. After which, the project manager must give Terry with some pointers on how to handle such kind of situation and not to go along with her emotions (Bolpatra. gov, 2007). I think on this part the project manager committed a mistake as far as his responsibility to his subordinates is concerned. He should be the first one to check if his subordinates are ready enough for such kind of presentation by checking the slides of the presentation of Terry or conduct a dry-run of the presentation of Terry so as to check if her slides are appropriate for the said meeting considering that Terry was just new to the marketing department. Answer #5 One of the best ways to get the engineering group to go with the â€Å"buy-in† is to offer them with great incentives and privileges if the latter would accept the said project. High salary and additional benefits, say health benefits, are really hard to resist and this might be a good tactic to get the nod of the engineering group. Another way to get the engineering’s group buy-in would be; I would be the one to present the project after the engineering team gave us another chance to present the project and giving them the assurance that by then all of their questions will be answered clearly and smoothly since as the project manager I have all the information and knowledge needed to answer their questions and any queries regarding the specifications of the new product of the company. I think, after having the said two strategies to get the engineering group’s buy-in, there is a big possibility that we have the nod of the engineering group for the said project. References Bolpatra. gov. (2007). Roles and Responsibilities of the Project Manager and Key Staff. Retrieved December 9, 2007, from http://www. bolpatra. gov. np/admin/information_upl/1089883861YV. pdf Busse, M. & Zettelmeyer, F. (2007). Some Pointers For Preparing Presentations. Retrieved December 9, 2007, from http://faculty. haas. berkeley. edu/meghan/300/On_presentations. pdf DeCenzo, Robbins, Stewart & Stuart-Kotze. (2005). Managerial Ethics. Retrieved December 9, 2007, from foba. lakeheadu. ca/mirabelli/1511/ch02. ppt Foulger, D. (2004). Models of the Communication Process. Retrieved December 9, 2007, from http://foulger. info/davis/research/unifiedModelOfCommunication. htm

How does Shakespeare present Romeo’s character Essays

How does Shakespeare present Romeo’s character Essays How does Shakespeare present Romeo’s character Paper How does Shakespeare present Romeo’s character Paper Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet are the children of the Capulet and the Montague, who are the chief family of Verona and have been enemies for years. Romeo and Juliet meet accidentally at a ball where they fall in love and gets married secretly. They are shown going through so many hurdles to succeed in their love and whether they succeed at the end or not is the story. Shakespeare has presented Romeo’s character in different shades through out the play. At the beginning of act 1 scene 5 Romeo is shown as a lover boy who is madly in love with Rosaline and is very upset for the fact that she doesn’t like him. This is when Benvolio, Romeo’s cousin persuades him to go to the ball which has been arranged by the Capulets. Benvolio is Romeo’s cousin and is also a very good friend of him. He always tries to do the right things and stay put of trouble. † I pray thee, good Mercutio, let’s retire: the day is hot, the Caples are abroad, and if we meet we shall not escape the brawl. Romeo sees Juliet for the first time at the ball, and forgets himself the moment he sets his eyes on her. He thinks she’s the most beautiful thing he’s ever seen â€Å"ine’er saw a true beauty till this night† and falls in love with her. This shows that Romeo doesn’t give a thought about what he’s doing and just rushes in to what ever his mind tells him to do. Romeo not only forgets himself but also throws words of poetry when he walks towards her to draw her attention to him. â€Å"O she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night, as a rich jewel in an Ethiop’s ear beauty too rich for use, for earth to dear: So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows as yonder lady o’er her fellows shows. When Romeo and Juliet are departed, Romeo becomes very anxious in seeing her again. Romeo’s action and movements are overtaken by his love for Juliet which results in marriage with in twenty four hours. Romeo’s mood changes from sadness to happiness in a short amount of time. So far Romeo has been shown as a lover boy but in act 3 scene 1 is where you see other side of Romeo. Act 3 scene 1 is where Romeo’s best friend Mercutio is killed by Tybalt, Juliet’s cousin. Mercutio is a very lively person; he’s full of energy and is always making jokes or teasing someone. Even when he knows he’s dying he still makes jokes â€Å"ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man†. Romeo gets very angry with Tybalt for killing Mercutio and kills him. This is where you begin to see Romeo’s dangerous side. He doesn’t think about what he’s doing he doesn’t think Juliet and the marriage either at that moment; all that’s in his mind is that his friend has been killed and he’s very furious about the fact that he let it happen. Shakespeare has portrayed Romeo in a very romantic and soft way through out act 1 scene 5 and has hidden the other side of Romeo. Romeo’s character is hidden by his love in these scenes. In these scenes Romeo’s character fails to understand that there is another world beyond love. His love for Juliet becomes stronger although both their families are enemies, this shows that Romeo is not afraid of the consequences that he is to face in near time. But in act 3 scene 1 Shakespeare has shown Romeo’s character in a much stronger way he has shown him as a person who is not afraid to fight to the death and is ready to do anything for his loved ones without thinking. So in these scenes Romeo has been shown as a lover boy, a strong person and also he’s been shown as a person who is not very steady with the decisions he seems to be making decisions without even thinking. Shakespeare also made the characters of Benvolio and Mercutio to represent Romeo’s character in a way Romeo is like Benvolio a very soft character and doesn’t want to get in to trouble and in some scenes he‘s making fun with his two best friends like Mercutio. If Romeo slowed down and thought about what he was doing he wouldn’t have got into so much trouble and he wouldn’t have missed his loves ones.

psych in 12 angry men essays

psych in 12 angry men essays The film Twelve Angry Men follows the jury deliberation of a first degree murder case. The jury, totaling twelve men, dispute their decision of innocence or guilt throughout the movie. Many concepts of social psychology including conformity, anger displacement, and stereotypes are used in the struggle between these men to reach a verdict. Conformity is the tendency for people to go along with a groups opinion despite what they really feel, just to fit in or be liked. In many cases, conformity is increased when a member of a group feels inferior to fellow peers in the group. In the initial hand count, all men except for one vote guilty. During this voting process it becomes clear that the men who are unsure of what they really feel will go along with the majority without any apparent reason. In the movie the jury decides to take an initial vote to see where everyone stands on the verdict before they start discussing their decision. Some men are very out-spoken about their opinion on the case and make others feel like they will be stupid to think otherwise. As the controversy continues, the one man who voted innocent proceeds to disprove the evidence and make the defendant in the case appear innocent. Every piece of evidence he disproves seems to ensure him a new supporter for a verdict of innocent. This one man is so persuasive in his argument that he makes his opponents appear naive. As the momentum now switches to his side, conformity again becomes evident as people who appear to be undecided now vote innocent. Conformity is obvious when the people were not able to explain their reasons for voting the way they do. The most common reason given is "because I think so." They never use concrete evidence to advocate their choice, but rather allow themselves to be swayed by the majority. Anger Displacement is comes into play through the main antagonist in the movie. This man continually uses the boys ...

T Unit Measurement in Linguistics

T Unit Measurement in Linguistics A T-Unit is a measurement in  linguistics, and refers to a main clause plus any subordinate clauses that may be attached to it. As defined by Kellogg W. Hunt (1964), the T-unit, or minimal terminable unit of language, was intended to measure the smallest word group that could be considered a grammatical sentence, regardless of how it was punctuated. Research suggests that the length of a T-unit may be used as an index of syntactic complexity. In the 1970s, the T-unit became an important unit of measurement in sentence-combining research. T Unit Analysis T-unit analysis, developed by Hunt (1964) has been used extensively to measure the overall syntactic complexity of both speech and writing samples (Gaies, 1980). The T-unit is defined as consisting of a main clause plus all subordinate clauses and nonclausal structures that are attached to or embedded in it (Hunt, 1964). Hunt claims that the length of a T-unit is parallel to the cognitive development of a child and thus the T-unit analysis provides an intuitively satisfying and stable index of language development. The T-units popularity is due to the fact that it is a global measure of linguistic development external to any particular set of data and allows for meaningful comparison between first and second language acquisition. . . .T-unit analysis has been successfully used by Larsen-Freeman Strom (1977) and Perkins (1980) as an objective measure to evaluate the quality of ESL student writing. T-unit measures used in this study include words per composition, sentences per composi tion, T-units per composition, error-free T-units per composition, words in error-free T-units per composition, T-unit length, and ratio of errors versus T-units per composition. (Anam Govardhan, Indian Versus American Students Writing in English. Dialects, Englishes, Creoles, and Education, ed. by Shondel J. Nero. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2006) By analogy with the way modifiers work in sentences, [Francis] Christensen thinks of subordinate T-units as modifying the more general T-unit that semantically encompasses them. The point can be illustrated by the following sentence of William Faulkners: Joads lips stretched tight over his long teeth a moment, and he licked his lips, like a dog, two licks, one in each direction from the middle. Like a dog modifies licked his lips, a relatively general description which could encompass various other types of lip-licking. Similarly, two licks starts to explain how a dog licks its lips, hence is more specific than like a dog. And one in each direction from the middle explains two licks even more specifically. (Richard M. Coe, Toward a Grammar of Passages. Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1988) T-Units and Ordered Development Since young children tend to connect short main clauses with and, they tend to use relatively few words/T-unit. But as they mature, they begin to use a range of appositives, prepositional phrases, and dependent clauses that increase the number of words/T-unit. In subsequent work, Hunt (1977) demonstrated that there is a developmental order in which students develop the capacity to perform types of embedding. Other researchers (e.g. ODonnell, Griffin Norris, 1967) used Hunts unit of measurement to conclusively show that the words/T-unit ratio went up in both oral and written discourse as writers matured. (Thomas Newkirk, The Learner Develops: The High School Years. Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts, 2nd ed., ed. by James Flood et al. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2003)

Introduction to Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Introduction to Business - Essay Example Moreover, a diverse work force gives the employees an opportunity to focus on their jobs or responsibilities without having to worry about being targeted for discrimination. In conclusion, it also attracts other people from the same gender and race to the organization thereby attracting customers and new talents. Best Buy’s trip to Memphis encourages racial diversity since it reminds the managers about the Civil rights Movement. In addition, this trip gives them the first-hand look on the struggles that African Americans went through as a result, of race discrimination. Moreover, it gives them an insight on the achievements of the individuals that led the Civil rights Movement gained. Therefore, this helps the managers to gain a deeper understanding on how important it is to include other races in their workforce, and to avoid racial discrimination. Besides, they learn the benefits of being tolerant with people from diverse racial backgrounds. In addition, the trip enables managers to take the message of importance of racial diversity back to the other employees. Thus, this trip makes the message of racial diversity more meaningful to the whole workforce. After the trip, it is probable that employees and managers will be more educated on the issue of racial diversity and therefore mot ivating them to work together. Best Buy is a large retail company, it has many branches nationwide and it is viewed as a national retail company. This means that it deals with a diverse base of customers, from various racial backgrounds. In addition, this makes it vital for this company to have a diverse workforce that meets diverse needs of their customers. Therefore, customers are able to relate better with a workforce that belongs to the same race as they do. Moreover, the workforce is able to understand the needs of their wide base of customers since they understand various races and their traditions. Racial diversity also attracts customers since they appreciate

CLOUD COMPUTING Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CLOUD COMPUTING - Research Paper Example Mork et al. (2011:13) say that â€Å"cloud computing should be distributed and interactively accessible as it provides interoperability between the new and legacy technologies† Cloud computing is technollogy that utilizes the central remote servers and the internet to mantain applications and data. Cloud computing makes it possible for businesses and consumers to use aplications without the accesss and installation of their files using any computer that is connected to the internet. Therefore, it this technology permits for a more efficient computing by centralizing, data storage, and bandwidth. As the potential benefits of cloud computing are many, they are faced with numerous legal, proffesional, and ethical issues. The paper will discuss how cloud computing has impacted on the legal, social and proffesional spheres with regard to storage and transformation of data and inforrmation. The main objective of cloud computing has been to apply the high performance computimg power mostly used in research, health and military facilities to perform trillions of computations in a second, in consumer oriented apllications, and to deliver personalised information. This infrastructure of shared IT consists of a large pool of sytems that are interlinked. This creates legal and ethical isssues within the cloud (Buyya, Broberg, & Goscinski, 2010:23-26). Discussion As highlighted earlier, cloud computing is a type of technology that utilizes the internet and one remote server so as mantain data and different applications. This makes it a very young concept that is yet to be embraced by the global workforce. Cloud computing provides a cost effective IT resource as the cost on demand IT based on the actual customer’s usage. As a result of the rapid growth, numerous companies have been unable to handle their IT requirement even after having a data center that was inhouse. The usage of cloud services helps to enhance the IT capabilities without investing huge amount s in the new datacenters. As a consequence, this tpye of technology aids companies with an efficient way of computing by centralizing processing, memory, bandwidth, and storage. To show that cloud computing has began having mass appeal in the corporate data centers, it has enabled the data centers to operate on a similar internet through the process of enabling the computing process of computing resources to be shared and accessed as virtual resources in scalable and secure manner. Unlike showing proffesionalism, this virtualization is a compromise to security and ethical issues. Ethical issues are not separable with cloud computing. The major areas of concern are resource/stoarage virtualization, scalability and elasticity, usage optimization, ease of usage, fast information sharing delivery, and control, accessibility, and anonymity. The first ethical issue is privacy. The concern with regard to privacy is that the service providers of cloud have total control over the data and co mmunication stored between user and the host company (Racoma, 2012). This is attributed to the fact that service providers have complete over the data the are storing, and as a conseqence, they are responsible for a lot of private information and data. Once this is out of reach of the users, the fear is that it can be utilised for purposes the user doess not desire. As such, of late there have a push by the privacy advocates for a higher level of transparency from the

Developing leadership challenges and solutions interviewing questions Assignment

Developing leadership challenges and solutions interviewing questions - Assignment Example One thing noted during the initial days after getting into the country that was quite different from UAE is that people stick to their families and do not even know who most of their neighbors are. They just choose to live isolated and do not care about the neighbor across the street unless the neighborhood is of a low-income level or middle-class. Not all middle-class neighborhoods appreciate people who come to knock at their doors but they also choose their favorites with whom they associate with greatly. In the event that the neighborhood is closely knit, the people will be inviting each other for barbeques and parties, and the neighbors always come with drinks and are ready to assist where they can to make the party a big event. The people here care about each other and are mainly divided by class. The level of participation in events in the country imply a great level of understanding that allows them to make good use of their skills as a way of creating the best moment in their lives that will remained etched into their minds until something else happens. In the UAE, the only life people have depends on the family values. Some families will have their extended families stay with them and the sharing of meals and events define their fun moments. In the US, the extended family mainly comes together once a year during thanksgiving and any more visits will be preplanned (Besamusca, 2011). In the UAE, families maintain close links with each other and define the importance of developing their ties further, appreciating what they do together. The children are also raised liberally, and that is different from what is practiced in the UAE. Children in the U.S. have a lot of freedom and some do not even listen to their parents because of the freedom accorded to them. They go to parties without their parents’ presence and some even indulge while at those parties. In the U.A.E., it is quite different. Strict discipline is used to raise children to be

ACL Injury Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ACL Injury - Research Paper Example There are other knee ligaments injuries but the most common injury associated with instability at the knee is ACL injury (Chaudhari, 2008). Perhaps this is because of the fact that ACL injury presents quite a number of ways through which it can suffer tears. Research has shown that the most common ACL injury occurs when the knee is bent exceedingly to the or to the sides more than it is used. Such scenarios are highly likely to occur amongst sports persons during trainings when they engage in activities aimed at making them flexible. In other instances, ACL injury may also occur when there is a direct pressure exerted on the thigh at a time when a person is standing on one leg (Tiidus, 2008). Studies have also revealed that ACL injury may also occur when a victim makes abrupt stop from a significantly highly speed, or attempts to make a sudden turn to the side while on a significantly high-speed motion. In all the above instances, one may observe that they all tend to exert pressure to the sides or on the ligaments at the back of the leg as had been noted. It is not a straightaway guarantee that any of such movements will result in ACL injury, but that they put a person at a highly risk of suffering from ACL injury. Therefore, there is a need to advise persons that take part in physical activities quite often on how what precautions to take during active periods of activities (Chaudhari et al., 2008). However, many physiotherapists and health professions have researched and proposed various ways for recovery and rehabilitation for detected cases of ACL injury. The thesis statement of this research shall be: Appropriate response to ACL injury should be case specific rather than universal approach for recovery and rehabilitation. This research shall assess various cases and analyze each depending on its magnitude. This is because prevalence of ACL injury has revealed that each case

Definition of a Hero Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of a Hero - Assignment Example It also happens in television dramas and series where a character may be a hero. However, he could be a hero for either good or evil deeds. Such kind of a person is mostly known as anti-heroes. In most cases, anti-heroic always uses all their means in order to achieve their target even if it means hurting or compromising with an interest of other parties. This is according to Garrett views. Simon sees Matthew Weigner as a baby boomer for a number of reasons. Firstly, his creativity on the role of each character is unique. The setup involves the liberal-minded and the conservatives in the town. When the liberal-minded citizens speak their minds, they call them bloomers because they criticize all that is wrong for a common citizen. Both groups address madmen as people who work against racism and sexism. Don Dropper is the man in the grey suit. He represents the conservative’ who want business to be done like in the old days. With these, he means in the early 1950’s. This is an excellent series that brings out the real message and theme. The book tries to bring out the world of homosexuals in the country. One of the characters in the book is innocent, but he is blindly attracted into it by his friend. Hence the title, ‘seduction of the innocent’. This is a harmful vice that affects our society today. However, it is legalized in some states, giving these people all the freedom they need. Medhurst demonstrates that Batman has a gay character in a number of ways. His dressing code says it all in the first place. He argues that this helps them to identify their fellows in a crowd. Further, they have secret signals and language which they typically use to communicate with each other. According to him, Batman exhibits all these features. However, this is just an illusion from Medhurst of what gay people go through in this world. Â